Action Microsoft.Crm.Setup.Server.GrantCrmDatabaseAccessAction failed. The login already has an account under a different user name.
This happens while the wizzard is updating the system and after that, the repair-function does also not help to resolve this problem.
I found a hint here.
Solution:
Change the db-owners of the crm databases (MSCRM and METABASE).
Code-Snipped:
EXEC
EXEC